Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance, digestion, and intestinal health of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

Clostridium butyricum (CB) is known to promote growth, enhance immunity, digestion, and improve intestinal health. In this study, we investigated the effects of CB in feed on growth performance, health juvenile spotted sea bass. To provide a theoretical basis for development application bass, total 450 bass with an initial body weight (9.58 ± 0.05) g were randomly divided into six groups. Gradient levels 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% (1×10 9 cfu/g) supplemented diets, designated as CC, CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, CB5, respectively. Each group was fed 54 days. Our results suggest that dietary 0.2% 0.3% can significantly increase gain (WG) specific rate (SGR) The addition increased amylase activity, villus length, width, muscle thickness. Similarly, supplementation expression tumor necrosis factor- α ( TNF-α ) interleukin-8 IL-8 ). Sequence analysis bacterial 16S rDNA region showed altered microbiota profile increasing dominant bacteria intestine decreasing harmful bacteria. Overall, flora structure, comprehensively